Kurgan

Adnotacje

Ural: The Ural Mountains, or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan. The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary between the regions of Europe and Asia. Vaygach Island and the islands of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the chain to the north into the Arctic Ocean.

Kurgan mound: A kurgan (Russian: курга́н) is a type of tumulus constructed over a grave, often characterized by containing a single human body along with grave vessels, weapons and horses. Originally in use on the Pontic–Caspian steppe, kurgans spread into much of Central Asia and Eastern, Southeast, Western and Northern Europe during the 3rd millennium BC. The earliest kurgans date to the 4th millennium BC in the Caucasus, and researchers associate these with the Indo-Europeans. Kurgans were built in the Eneolithic, Bronze, Iron, Antiquity and Middle Ages, with ancient traditions still active in Southern Siberia and Central Asia.

Scythian: The Scythians (from Ancient Greek: Σκύθης) were an ancient nomadic people living primarily in the region known as Scythia, which today comprises the Eurasian steppes of Kazakhstan, the Russian steppes of the Siberian, Ural, Volga and Southern regions, and eastern Ukraine. Classical Scythians dominated the Pontic steppe from approximately the 7th century BC until the 3rd century BC.

red-haired asket: Harald I Fairhair (Old Norse: Haraldr inn hárfagri; Norwegian: Harald hårfagre; Modern Icelandic: Haraldur hárfagri; putatively c. 850 – c. 932) is portrayed by the Icelandic sagas as the first King of Norway. According to traditions current in Norway and Iceland in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, he reigned from c. 872 to 930. Supposedly, two of his sons, Eric Bloodaxe and Haakon the Good, succeeded Harald, respectively, to become kings after his death.

Sarmatian: The Sarmatians (Greek: Σαρμάται, Σαυρομάται) were a large Iranian confederation that existed in classical antiquity, flourishing from about the fifth century BC to the fourth century AD. Originating in the central parts of the Eurasian Steppe, the Sarmatians were part of the wider Scythian cultures. They started migrating westward around the fourth and third centuries BC, coming to dominate the closely related Scythians by 200 BC. At their greatest reported extent, around 100 BC, these tribes ranged from the Vistula River to the mouth of the Danube and eastward to the Volga, bordering the shores of the Black and Caspian seas as well as the Caucasus to the south.

Kainuu: Kainuu (Swedish: Kajanaland) is one of the 19 regions of Finland (maakunta / landskap). Kainuu borders the regions of North Ostrobothnia, North Savo and North Karelia. In the east, it also borders Russia (Republic of Karelia).

Thule: Thule (Greek: Θούλη) is the farthest north location mentioned in ancient Greek and Roman literature and cartography. Modern interpretations have included Orkney, Shetland, northern Scotland, the island of Saaremaa (Ösel) in Estonia, and the Norwegian island of Smøla. In classical and medieval literature, ultima Thule (Latin "farthermost Thule") acquired a metaphorical meaning of any distant place located beyond the "borders of the known world".

Thiazi: In Norse mythology, Þjazi (Old Norse, anglicized as Thiazi, Thjazi, Tjasse or Thiassi) was a giant. He was a son of the giant Ölvaldi, brother of giants Iði and Gangr, and the father of Skaði. His most notable misdeed was the kidnapping of the goddess Iðunn, which is related in both the Prose Edda and the skaldic poem Haustlöng.

Etunaz: Etunaz [From *etaną (“to eat”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)]:

an overeater, glutton a giant

Saka: The Saka were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples who historically inhabited the northern and eastern Eurasian Steppe and the Tarim Basin.

Chud: Chud or Chude (Old East Slavic: чудь, in Finnic languages: tšuudi, čuđit) is a term historically applied in the early East Slavic annals to several Baltic Finns in the area of what is now Estonia, Karelia and Northwestern Russia. Perhaps the earliest written use of the term "Chudes" to describe Finnic peoples (presumably early Estonians) was c. 1100, in the earliest East Slavic chronicles. According to the Primary Chronicle, Yaroslav I the Wise invaded the country of the Chudes in 1030 and laid the foundations of Yuryev (the historical Russian name of Tartu, Estonia). According to Old East Slavic chronicles, the Chudes were among the founders of the Rus' state.

Vinoviloth: Vinoviloth are one of the tribes in Scandinavia mentioned by Jordanes in De origine actibusque Getarum in the 6th century CE. It has been suggested that they would have been the same as the Winnili. Sometimes Vingulmark is also mentioned.

Winnili: The first phase of the Longobard epic took place in the mythical region of Scandanan (which can perhaps be identified as Scania, the present-day region in Sweden). The original tribe was the Winnili. It is said that they were in conflict with the tribe of the Vandals. Through the intercession of Gambara - mother of Ybor and Agio, the first leaders - the Winnili tribe obtained favours from the goddess Freyja and, thanks to her, those of the god Odin, who granted them victory, after which they were always known as "Longobards".

Sachs: The Saxons (Latin: Saxones, German: Sachsen) were a group of early Germanic peoples whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country (Old Saxony, Latin: Saxonia) near the North Sea coast of northern Germania, what is now Germany. In the late Roman Empire, the name was used to refer to Germanic coastal raiders, and also as a word something like the later "Viking".

Goth: The Goths (Gothic: ????????, romanized: Gutþiuda; Latin: Gothi) were Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe.

Cwenas: Alias Kvens